Liturgical year | blog.theologika.net

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Feb 8, 2026

Let Your Light Shine – Light the Way

“You are the light of the world … (Y)our light must shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your heavenly Father.”

Jesus spoke one day on a mountainside to the crowds of people who came out to hear his words. He gave them a series of principles to guide their actions in ways that would embody holiness in their daily lives. We call these principles the Beatitudes – “Blessed are they who…”

The Beatitudes might be taken as a beautiful image of an impossible goal, to be achieved by only a few very holy people. But Jesus intended them to be taken as a new way of life. Those words were not just beautiful ideals, concrete actions must follow and Jesus was clear that this was expected of those who would be his followers.

“You are the light of the world.” Light on a mountaintop shining from a city – it cannot be ignored. Light hidden under a basket does no good for anyone. Light must shine. The light of lives based on the Beatitudes is the calling of Jesus’ followers. It leads to the glory of the Father becoming visible. (Mt 5:13-16)

It’s an interesting parallel that the first thing created by God in the beginning, according to the book of Genesis, was light. “Let there be light.” And light came into the darkness. The light of creation and the creator, bursting forth into the creation of all that is in our universe, will shine through the lives of those who live according to the Son’s teachings that day on the mountain. Through our lives, the light shines forth or not. This light of holiness shining through each of us shows a bit of the wonder and awesome reality of the Father, the Father’s glory.

This is a pretty daunting thought. How can any one of us ever hope to live our lives in ways that will truly shine forth the Father’s love? How can we do anything so heroic that people will throng to the community, begging to become one of us? Is any of that humanly possible?

Fortunately, it doesn’t require superhuman qualities or behaviors or actions to live as children of the Father, shining the light of holiness into our world. It comes through the little things we say and do as well as through the big, bold, brave things we may have to do once in a while.

How will we know what we are to do to share the light? Most of the time, I think we don’t actually know just what this means. We go about our daily lives, meeting people, doing our daily tasks, and sometimes wondering what it all means. We don’t often think about the reality that the little things we do, the way we speak to others, the way we are patient when things or people move slowly, the times we smile rather than scowl at someone we meet on the sidewalk, or in the grocery store, or driving another car, the times we find the humor in an unexpected delay and trust that all will work out in the end – these are the times light shines in the darkness. When we offer a word or a hand of help or comfort – the light shines forth. When we spend time helping as volunteers to feed the hungry or help young people get the training needed for new careers – the light shines forth. When we simply help get our families up and out the door in the morning with a smile to carry on their way to a new day – the light shines forth.

We don’t have to look far and wide to find what we are to do and how we are to serve. Each of us has gifts and talents. Those are what we are to use.

What comes easily to you? What is as easy as falling off a log? What do you love doing? Those are your gifts. Find ways to use them.

What is hard? What do you never quite get around to doing? Those may not be your gifts. Find someone for whom they are easy and become a team! When each of you uses your gifts, amazing things can happen. The light shines forth again.

As bread is shared with the hungry, the homeless are sheltered, those without warm coats for the winter receive ones of their own, and the suffering receive help and hope – the light breaks forth. The glory of the Lord shines forth in support. And the impossible becomes possible. A new, richer community is formed. Life is transformed. Opportunities are broadened for all.

As we move through this coming week, may we remember to trust the Lord to be with us. We don’t have to do it all by ourselves. Most often, we simply have to step out in trust that others will show up to help when we step forward in faith. Sometimes, it seems like people will join the effort simply because they recognize our inability to do it all by ourselves. They throw up their hands and join in – not because they are convinced it’s something that has to be done, but because they know we are sincere and they don’t want to see our efforts fail. And amazing things happen as a result. The light shines forth!

May the Lord be with you this week, shining through each of our lives, pointing the way to our amazing Father.

Readings for the Fifth Sunday in Ordinary Time – Cycle A

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Jan 25, 2026

Naphtali and Zebulun – Peoples Crushed and Hope Reborn

Times of upheaval and turmoil come all too frequently in human history. Tribes or nations move from place to place. Ambitious, greedy rulers seek even more territory and riches. Peoples are crushed as others invade and take their lands. Yet somehow, hope is reborn again and again. Naphtali and Zebulun are only two of the lands in which this has happened. Those who have taken over the lands of others are themselves defeated and replaced, sometimes by descendants of those originally defeated, other times by people moving in from other lands.

The prophet Isaiah lived during one of those times. Originally, the land into which the Hebrews moved when they returned from Egypt was divided among the 12 tribes descended from Jacob. The tribes of Naphtali and Zebulun lived in lands in the north, an area west of the Jordan River. They and the rest of the tribes in the northern part of Palestine (known then as Israel) were conquered by the Assyrians after many years of fighting. The residents of those lands were sent into exile in other lands and Assyria took over. The people ceased to worship the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and instead worshiped the gods of Assyria. It became known as the District of the Gentiles.

The lands in the south were known as Judah. Their king, Ahaz, refused to help Israel and the Syrians against the Assyrians. This didn’t stop the eventual invasion of Assyria into their lands, but it held it off for a while.

Isaiah speaks of the lands of the north having been “degraded” or abandoned by the Lord when they were conquered. However, the Lord would come to the rescue and hope would be reborn. “The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light,” as the Lord smashes the power of Assyria through the power of other nations. (Is 8:23—9:3)

This rebirth of the lands of the north, which came to be known as Galilee, had come to pass long before the coming of Jesus. The connection with the southern part of the country had been reestablished. However, the equality in status of those from Galilee and those from the south was not an absolute given. The fact that Jesus was from Nazareth did not automatically give him status as a person whose ideas were worth hearing. The Messiah was to come from the line of David, rooted in Bethlehem in Judea, the lands of the south.

John the Baptist was from the south and his ministry was at the southern end of the Jordan River, closer to Jericho. Jesus and others traveled there to see and hear the prophet. After his baptism, Jesus went into the wilderness for 40 days to pray and make sense of all he had experienced. During that time, John was arrested and imprisoned by King Herod. Emerging from the desert, Jesus heard the news and returned to Galilee. However, he did not remain in small town Nazareth where he had lived and worked. He moved to the big city, Capernaum, on the banks of the Sea of Galilee. There he began telling all he met that the kingdom of heaven is near.

St. Matthew links the beginning of Jesus’ ministry in Galilee to the prophecy of Isaiah, noting that when Jesus moved from Nazareth to Capernaum, it was in fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy – “Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali, the way to the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles, the people who sit in darkness have seen a great light, on those dwelling in a land overshadowed by death light has arisen.” With these words, he introduces the active ministry of Jesus. “Jesus began to preach and say, ‘Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.’”

Yet the mission of preaching the kingdom is not limited to one person. If only one man is saying anything, and no one is paying attention or asking to hear more, we humans tend to disregard what is being said. If it’s important, the dream must be shared by others too.

As Jesus walked along the shore, he saw two men working there, casting their fishing nets into the sea. He called to them, “Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men.” Amazingly, they left their boat and nets at the shore and walked away with him. Then he saw two others fishing in a boat with their father. He called them too and they immediately left their boat and father and walked away with Jesus. No hesitation. It was a powerful and compelling call.

The lands of Zebulun and Naphtali were hearing a new voice and the beginning of a new age – the coming of the kingdom of heaven. Jesus “went around all of Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, and curing every disease and illness among the people.” This renewal and preaching continued for most of the three years of his active ministry. (Mt 4:12-23)

It wasn’t the well-educated, the wealthy, the powerful, the famous who followed Jesus. With few exceptions, it wasn’t they to whom he spoke. They weren’t the ones who benefited from his healing touch. In fact, they were the ones most suspicious of him. It was the poor, the ill, the handicapped, the powerless, who thronged to him. These were the ones he described as entering the kingdom first, because they relied first on God for their help.

In a similar way, we too are called to follow the example and leadership of Jesus. World conquest, is not to be our goal. Domination of other lands is not a sign of the kingdom. Taking control of natural resources, particularly of those in other lands, is not high on the list of things for followers of Jesus to be doing as part of living the coming of the Kingdom of God.

Who are the ones we are to serve? Who are the ones we are to welcome? Who are the ones whose needs are of greatest concern to the Father? If Jesus were walking physically among us today, where would we find him?

These are the questions we must ask in our lives, especially as powerful men and women work to take control of more and more lands, toss out those who have come seeking a new start in a safe place, and put their individual wishes and desires above concern for the common good.

The situation in Corinth which St. Paul addressed first in his letter is somewhat analogous to ours today. In that case, it was a question of which apostle’s preaching had been responsible for the birth in faith of an individual. Loyalty to that particular apostle and the particular set of memories shared with new converts was dividing the community. Paul reminds all that our baptism does not tie us to any particular preacher. Our baptism is into the life of Christ, including the witness of his cross and resurrection. Wisdom or fancy words are not the key. What matters is how we share in his ministry of service to all. That is where the gospel and its foolishness find their richness. (1 Cor 1:10-13, 17)

Do we choose whom we will welcome and protect? Do those coming to our shores have to pay large sums of money to the powerful to be welcome? Do we look first at skin color or language spoken before we see the human person? Do we assume everyone in a group is exactly the same as every other one?

How do we preach the gospel, the Good News of the Kingdom in our lives today?

This is the critical question for us as followers of Jesus in 2026. What is our response to the needs around us?

I pray that we will have the courage to speak truth to power, to encourage those with the authority to restrain others in their efforts to dominate, and to continue to work for the most vulnerable among us. Because that is where we will meet the Lord. Among those crushed, the Lord brings the gift of rebirth and hope. As his body here and now, it’s our time to provide the hands and heart needed.

Readings for the Third Sunday in Ordinary Time – Cycle A

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Jan 17, 2026

Dream Big – God’s Vision for Us

God’s vision for us as humans is amazingly grand – God dreams big. No half measures for God. God “is in it for the long run” as the saying goes.

It’s critically important for us to remember this basic reality as things in our world seem to careen wildly out of control and towards disaster. God dreams of better things, better outcomes for all of us than the division, anger, hatred, and discord we hear in the news and in our encounters with others.

Throughout the Scriptures, the prophets speak of the glory of the Lord that will break through into the world and draw all peoples to unity. Often the texts speak specifically about the Hebrew people. This is totally understandable in light of the fact that the prophets are speaking to their fellow descendants of Abraham, a people who were formed through the experience of being wanderers out of the great civilizations of Mesopotamia into Palestine, then into Egypt and back. They experienced many times of peace and times of conflict. Many of the transitions were not marked by compromise and mutual agreement with other powerful nations but rather by armed conflict and conquest.

Some of the most powerful words came from prophets speaking in times of conflict or of defeat. These are words of comfort and a promise of better times to come. Reminders of God’s dream and patience are commonly part of these prophecies.

Isaiah says: “Now the Lord has spoken who formed me as his servant from the womb, that Jacob may be brought back to him and Israel gathered to him … my God is now my strength!”

Yet the restoration of Israel following times of exile was never the ultimate goal of the Lord.
“It is too little … to restore the survivors of Israel; I will make you a light to the nations, that my salvation may reach to the ends of the earth.” (Is 49:3, 5-6)

Not enough to restore earthly kingdoms and power to any particular people, not even to those chosen long ago. God’s vision is for salvation to reach all peoples.

In a world that is all too often filled with violence as individuals and groups strive to impose their beliefs and their ways on the rest, this kind of vision can be dangerous. Crusaders, missionaries, zealots of many kinds have ridden forth to force others to conform to their own beliefs for far too many years. They follow the paths of conquerors and invading peoples recorded over the past 5,000 years! All were seeking some “good” and justified their violence in view of that.

Yet that is not God’s vision or dream for humanity.

God speaks to individuals, offering love, unconditional love. This is the key to God’s big dream. Love – selfless, offered without expectation of repayment, and to all.

It sounds crazy. Totally impossible, highly risky, sure to lead to disaster, and not at all likely to turn out well for its proponents and those who work to bring it into focus.

Yet God is patient and consistent. Centuries don’t really matter when one exists outside of time itself!

Perhaps more importantly, God is willing to start small – with individual people. Abraham, Moses, Samuel, Isaiah, Micah, John the Baptist. The fields were prepared for many centuries before God became one of us, coming as a carpenter from a small town in a conquered country.

John the Baptist came preaching repentance, like so many prophets before him. The time for the coming of the anointed one of the Lord is coming close. “Prepare the way of the Lord.” Yet similar words had been spoken by prophets through the ages. Who could have imagined the time had actually come!

One day, after his baptism in the Jordan, Jesus was walking towards the people again gathered there. John had a group of followers, disciples, who believed his message and gathered to help prepare the way, whenever it might come. John looked up and saw his cousin, Jesus. He exclaimed to his disciples, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.” This man, this man you see with your own eyes. This man is the one for whom we have been waiting.

In the Gospel according to St. John, the Baptist goes on to explain. “I did not know him, but the reason why I came baptizing with water was that he might be known to Israel.” In other words, “My job is done!”

A reasonable question would be, how did John know? John’s testimony continued. “I saw the Spirit come down like a dove from heaven and remain with him.” Blessedly, the Lord had told John what to look for ahead of time. “On whomever you see the Spirit come down and remain, he is the one who will baptize with the Holy Spirit.” John declared, “He is the Son of God,” the one who is to come. (Jn 1:29-34)

Once again, God’s dream doesn’t come to pass through great force or massed armies. God’s dream continues to unfold through the Spirit, the Holy Breath of God, coming and remaining with one who is truly human and seeks to do the will of the Lord.

Years later, after Jesus had lived his life and mission, died, and risen from death, the men and women who heard the story of his life and believed his word shared what they had received from the first witnesses. Bit by bit, the word spread and communities of faith sprang up around the empire.

In Greece, the apostle Paul founded many such communities, including one in Corinth, a major cosmopolitan seaport. As might be expected, as the community grew, Paul kept in touch. In his first letter to the Corinthians, his greeting illustrates the development in his world of God’s dream. He addresses the “church of God that is in Corinth,” to all who shared in the grace poured out through Jesus there and throughout the world. “Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.” (1 Cor 1:1-3)

Grace and peace. These are the dream of God for all of us.

How will it come about? Only through decisions made on a daily basis to care for others. The rich certainly need our prayers and have special challenges. However, those to whom Jesus points us through his words and the example of his ministry are those who don’t have all they need. The hungry, the thirsty, those in prison, those who seek refuge in other lands, those who need work, the unhoused, the sick – all these are part of the dream of God. As the community of people around the world reach out and help, that dream comes closer to fulfillment.

It’s not enough to expect only local communities to be able to assure that all people there have what they need. Some things require people to work together on a larger scale. In our world today, it’s even more important for us to reach across boundaries of community, state, nation, and region to help each other. When some have more resources than they can ever possibly expect to need and others must pick up pennies off the street to get enough money to buy a sandwich, the dream of God is not fulfilled. When nations have funds to build and use massive military weapons but will not spend a fraction of that amount to help children in less wealthy countries get health care and schooling, that dream of God in not fulfilled. When those who can pay large sums of money for permission to live in another country, but that same country turns away or mistreats those whose farm lands and orchards have been mined by drug gangs who have driven them out, that dream is not fulfilled.

So, this week, as we ponder the words of Isaiah, the witness of John the Baptist, and the cry of the Psalmist who prays, “Here I am Lord, I come to do your will,” I pray that we have the courage to continue to work for justice. The strength to keep showing up. The hope to believe God’s promises.

Peace be with you.

Readings for the Second Sunday in Ordinary Time – Cycle A

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Jan 10, 2026

The Spirit of God Descending on Him Like a Dove

How does God come to us? What signs or wonders are seen? Will there be lightning or thunder? Will the earth shake? Will the winds blow fiercely? How does God come to us? Would we recognize his coming when it happened?

All four Gospels describe the moment when Jesus experienced the coming of the Father to him personally.

Jesus’ cousin John, son of Elizabeth and Zacharia, was a prophet. When they were both around 30 years old, John came out of the desert and began preaching and baptizing people in the waters of the Jordan River. He preached repentance from sin and spoke of the imminent arrival of the one who would bring the reign of God to the world. John described himself as a “voice crying in the wilderness.” His role – to call all people to prepare for this world-transforming event.

And then the day came.

Jesus came to the Jordan from his home in Galilee. He listened to John and then approached the river to be baptized. John was taken aback. “I need to be baptized by you, and yet you are coming to me?” But Jesus was adamant. “Allow it for now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness.” In more contemporary words, “It’s OK. We need to do it this way!”

Jesus entered the water and John poured some of it over him. As he left the river, “the heavens were opened for him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming upon him.” Wow.

As if that weren’t enough, a voice from the heavens spoke: “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.” (Mt 3:13-17)

Of those present, John the Baptist also heard the words, because each of the gospels describes them as having been heard. Did all hear them as clearly spoken words? John did, because in at least one instance he told his followers what he had heard. But who knows what anyone else heard. Another gospel says the voice thundered. For those to whom it mattered, the words were clear!

The image of the Spirit descending like a dove is also important here. While the landing of any bird is not without a certain amount of fluttering wings and outstretched feet, a dove coming out of the sky unexpectedly is much different than a bird of prey such as a hawk, falcon, or eagle – smaller and with a much less fearsome beak, among other things!

A dove is a sign of peace. In the time of Noah, for example, it was a dove that was sent forth to see if dry land was appearing again – the earth no longer covered by the flood waters. The return of the dove with a small branch that had leaves was a great sign of hope. God’s anger had abated and the flood would end. People could again live on the earth.

We all too often think only great signs and wonders will announce the coming of important changes or personages. Strong leaders will be needed to bring peace and keep away enemies. Powerful armies will guarantee peace. Organized companies will provide the products and services we need most efficiently. And so forth and so on.

But what all too often happens is that we forget that it’s in the small, everyday interactions that true peace and justice are born. Only there do they gain the traction to spread. Mighty armies and powerful nations simply cannot do it.

Jesus was called by a voice from the heavens. However, it was not a mighty bird but rather a dove that came upon him at that moment. In the same way, when the Lord comes to individuals, it’s not typically with a great display of power and energy. It’s in a quiet embrace of love that permeates every pore of that person’s being and gently says, “I love you.” After receiving that gentle, quiet embrace, everything is different. Nothing can be the same again, because “I am loved.” And if I, who am not perfect, am loved, then so must you be loved.

Another prophet, Isaiah, spoke of the coming of the Lord’s servant long ago. “Here is my servant whom I uphold, my chosen one with whom I am well pleased, upon whom I have put my spirit.” This chosen one is not a person who is going to go out shouting at people, breaking things, or otherwise breaking up the society and world in which they live. This servant is coming to establish justice on earth. How? What will be the sign of the coming of the servant? This person will be “a light for the nations” who opens the eyes of the blind, releases prisoners, and brings people into the light out of darkness. (Is 42:1-4, 6-7)

Is this for one nation only? Blessedly, not at all. As the apostle Peter discovered when he was called to the home of the Centurion Cornelius and found the Lord had already poured the Spirit out on that household as well, “God shows no partiality. … in every nation whoever fears him and acts uprightly is acceptable to him.” Peter also declared as he spoke that day, “God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and power. He went about doing good and healing all those oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.” (Acts 10:34-38)

With the celebration of the Baptism of the Lord, we close the Christmas season and enter into the mysteries of the adult life of Jesus.

What will this new season bring? How will we live the love we have received? Where will we seen Christ in those around us? What concrete actions will show the presence of the Holy Spirit in our lives, reaching out through us to those in need or those most vulnerable to the harmful results of local, national, or international policies and actors.

Pray with me for the courage to open our eyes, to open our hearts, and to open our ears. The courage to notice the Spirit coming into our lives and hear the voice of the Lord whispering and calling to us, “This is who you are – one whom I love dearly, my beloved child.”

Peace be with you.

Readings for The Baptism of the Lord – Cycle A

Cyprian Consiglio, O.S.B. Cam has a wonderful song I share with you today. This is Who You Are

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Jan 5, 2026

Governing With Justice – Rescuing the Poor and Afflicted

“O God, with your judgment endow the king, and with your justice the king’s son.”

With these words from Psalm 72 at Epiphany, we are introduced to a new vision of what it means to govern – to govern with justice.

When the king and his son govern with the Lord’s judgment, the result is not what so often happens historically. Historically, many rulers have come to power through violence or trickery. Others grow up as children of rulers, having their every whim granted. They assume this will continue for the rest of their lives and set out to make it so. The result of this common pattern is not peace and justice for the community. It is all too often oppression, poverty, anger, frustration, and sometimes outright rebellion and wars. The opposite result occurs when governing with the Lord’s judgment.

The psalmist sings of justice flowering and profound peace from sea to sea for all time, and, in a reference some might have heard in recent years, “from the River to the ends of the earth.” The term, the river, refers to the land of Abraham’s birth, in Ur of the Chaldees – a land currently known as Iraq. In other words, this justice and peace are to flow through all the world.

Kings will bring gifts and tribute/money and pay him homage. Nations will serve this king. Why? Because he rescues the poor and the afflicted. He takes pity on the poor and saves their lives. Not a common picture of the typical reason kings or rulers receive tribute from others. (Ps 72:1-2, 7-8, 10-11, 12-13)

The promise of Isaiah for Jerusalem seems in many ways to contrast dramatically with the image from Psalm 72. “Rise up in splendor, Jerusalem! Your light has come, the glory of the Lord shines upon you.” This prophecy speaks of darkness covering the earth until the Lord comes, shining over the land with glory – a light to guide the way of nations and kings. Prosperity, reunion of peoples gathering from afar, rich gifts from the powerful – all will be part of the splendor of Jerusalem. This was a great promise made to a people returning from exile, yet it is much more as well.

Notice, the psalm also speaks of kings bringing tribute and peoples of all nations serving the Lord. This isn’t the kind of kingdom or nation state we see in human history. This is something greater. Jerusalem is not just the capital of Israel. It’s not the city or land over which so many have fought through the centuries and continue to fight. This is the place where the Lord’s justice and glory shine forth. Those who approach it from all over the world bring rich gifts to share with all. Yet it is not those rich gifts that make it the wondrous place that it is. What matters is the presence of the Lord, the light shining forth to the world. Those who come to this place proclaim their praise of the Lord, the Lord appearing in glory. (Is 60:1-6)

St. Paul explains that this gathering of peoples is enlarged through the coming of Jesus to include all peoples of the earth – Jews and Gentiles alike. All are now heirs of God’s kingdom and grace. All are “members of the same body, and copartners in the promise” received through the gospel, the good news, of Christ Jesus. The old barriers that divided the world into those chosen and those rejected have been destroyed. All are invited to this relationship with the Lord whose light shines forth through the darkness. (Eph 3:2-3a, 5-6)

Light shining forth – new understandings – Epiphany.

The Lord came into the world as a baby, part of a normal human family. Yet his coming was not a humdrum event. Born during a census that required people to move from the towns in which they were living to the towns of their ancestors, he was greeted by the poor – shepherds who received word from heavenly messengers.

Shepherds were not the only visitors Jesus received. Wise men from eastern lands also came to visit, according to St. Matthew. Constellations in the sky which they had observed indicated a very special king was to be born in the land of Israel. They set out to visit the newborn and bring appropriate gifts. Being practical people, they first checked in at the palace to see the newborn, but that wasn’t where this king was to be found. The ruling king’s advisors checked the predictions for where the great king, the anointed one of the Lord, was to be born and reported that he would likely be found in Bethlehem.

The wise men, magi, found Jesus and his parents in Bethlehem. They offered their gifts and praise – gifts for a king. A greater king than any other. The one foretold in Psalm 72 and Isaiah. The one who would rule with justice and mercy, caring for the poor.

The magi returned home by a different route, to protect this child from Herod, the local king. They were changed by the experience of meeting this child and his family and carried that with them on their journey home. (Mt 2:1-12)

Shortly after the magi left Bethlehem, so did Joseph with Mary and Jesus – in the middle of the night. Into Egypt they traveled to escape the danger posed by Herod. As political refugees, they left everything behind to protect their child. Had they remained, he would have been killed with the other baby boys by Herod’s soldiers.

How are we to respond to these images and promises today? How and where does the light shine forth through our words and actions. Where do we look to find justice and peace? How do we care for the poor and afflicted? Is this only a personal responsibility or is it a communal one – something local and national governments are also called to do?

As we enter into another calendar year, with wars raging, countries competing economically and ideologically, arguments among peoples who have different visions for the future and understandings of who is responsible to help the young, the old, the newcomer, the neighbor, we will be forced to address these questions.

Epiphany, light shining forth, new understandings – justice and wise judgment as gifts from our God – may all these be characteristic of all who are followers of the Lord God. May we keep our eyes and hearts open to find the child sent from on high, bringing light and life to our world. And may we be partners in the great task of serving those least able to protect themselves and prosper. With this heavenly king, may we have pity for the lowly and the afflicted, reaching out to save the lives of the poor.

Readings for The Epiphany of the Lord – Cycle A

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Dec 21, 2025

I Do It Myself – A Step in Growing Up But Not the Goal

“I do it myself” declares the young child as a new skill is proudly claimed. Mom, Dad, Brother, Sister – “I can do it on my own. I don’t need your help for this” is the way we older folks might express the same thought.

Sometimes we simply smile when we hear a young child express such feelings. It’s a sign of growing maturity and competency with the skills they will need throughout their lives. Other times, it can be very frustrating for those of us who must stand by and wait for the child to accomplish the task or do it less perfectly than we might like to see. After all, time doesn’t wait for anyone and sometimes we need to get out the door!

This reality struck me as I was reading some background information on King Ahaz and his response to the Lord’s work spoken to him by the prophet Isaiah. “I will not ask! I will not tempt the Lord!”

In a world and society in which doing things ourselves is highly valued, these words seem rather admirable. Why not act responsibly and behave like grown-ups? Isn’t that what Ahaz is doing?

Well, as it turns out, that’s not what Ahaz should have been doing. Ahaz was king of Judah, the southern kingdom. Judah was being threatened by Syria and Israel (kingdoms to the north). Those kingdoms, in turn, were being threatened by Assyria. As a king from David’s line, Isaiah reminds him, he can call on the Lord for insight and help in making the decision about how best to protect his people. The Lord has traditionally come to the aid of leaders who ask for this help.

But Ahaz refused to ask.

Isaiah didn’t simply tell Ahaz that whatever he wanted to do would be all right. He spoke a prophecy – a sign the Lord would send. “The virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall name him Emmanuel.” (Is 7:10-14)

The meanings of the words are important here. Emmanuel means “God with us.” The original Hebrew term used to describe the woman who would bear the child was “almah,” meaning essentially a young woman who was old enough and free to marry. When the scripture was translated into Greek, the word used was “parthenos,” which is translated as virgin.

The technical details of how it would all come to pass were left to the Lord to figure out.

Centuries passed before this promise came to fruition. By the time Jesus was born, the nation had passed through the Babylonian captivity, the return to Israel when Persia defeated Babylon, and later conquests by other regional empires. Finally, under the Roman empire, the prophecy was fulfilled.

St. Matthew described the reaction of Joseph, an honorable man who discovered that his bride-to-be was expecting a child before they were married. Shocked, he still did not want to denounce her for punishment, but he planned to divorce her quietly and move on with his life. However, the Lord’s messenger, an angel, appeared to him in a dream before he acted.

“Joseph, son of David,” said the angel, “do not be afraid to take Mary your wife into your home. For it is through the Holy Spirit that this child has been conceived in her. She will bear a son and you are to name him Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.”

Joseph believed the angel, God’s special messenger, and took Mary into his home as his wife. He cared for her and the child born to them, loving and supporting them both for the rest of his life. (Mt 1:18-24)

Joseph’s approach was in many ways the complete opposite of Ahaz, who assumed he knew just what to do and could do it himself. Joseph accepted the word that came to him from the Lord and trusted that the Lord would be there to help. Rather than “I do it myself,” he trusted the Lord enough to go against tradition and love Mary and raise a son with her as a loving father.

After Jesus’ death and resurrection, as the community of believers grew and expanded out from Israel into surrounding lands, St. Paul received a call to share the Good News with non-Jews, those known as Gentiles. In his letter to Roman Christians, Paul begins by introducing himself as subject to the rule of Jesus, the Christ, called to share the gospel, the Good News, of God with all. Though Jesus was descended from David, his power and authority stem from being the Son of God. This power and authority open to all peoples the gift of sharing in the life of grace in the new kingdom of God. He concludes his introduction with a special greeting and blessing. “Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the lord Jesus Christ.” (Rom 1:1-7)

Hear these words with fresh ears again today. They are meant for all of us too and echo across the ages. “Grace to you and peace.”

Although we have been encouraged to be independent and earn everything on our own, in reality, “I do it myself” is a reflection of childhood and a stage of growing into adulthood. As we grow, we are to learn wisdom as well. We learn to trust our God and Father to be there to help. We help each other and in doing so, we grow in God’s life (grace) and experience the peace of knowing God is there supporting us.

The coming of the Lord is near. We remember his birth so long ago. We remember his parents and their “yes” to God’s request of them. We listen to hear God’s request of us.

Grace and peace be with you in this time of quiet waiting for the Lord’s coming.

Readings for the Fourth Sunday of Advent – Cycle A

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Dec 14, 2025

Still A Time to Rejoice

In the mist of world and national turmoil, it’s easy to wonder today if there’s any reason for hope or rejoicing. Nations are at war with other nations. Some nations are in the midst of civil wars. Some nations are acting as if they were formally at war, despite minimal evidence and war never having been declared or approved. It’s not a pretty picture this December.

And yet, we have reached the Third Sunday of Advent, a Sunday known as Gaudete Sunday – Rejoice Sunday. So what signs are there of hope? For what are we to rejoice?

Isaiah speaks of a promise made long ago regarding the power of the Lord coming into our world. This power isn’t manifested in massive movements of earth or great signs in the sky. It’s not found in the arrival of armies or the newest, greatest weapons available to powerful nations or warriors. It’s not met with great fanfare.

No, none of the things we usually associate with power is among the signs Isaiah tells us to watch for. Instead, “the desert and the parched land will exult; the steppe will bloom with abundant flowers, and rejoice with joyful song.”

What? That sounds like Springtime. Here on the central coast of California, it sounds like the land looks after the first rains of Fall arrive and the birds and butterflies return from their journeys to the north. The fields resound with the chatter of the birds, telling each other of all that they have seen and all the family and friends they met in their travels. Flowers spring up. Butterflies flutter through the air.

Nothing and everything spectacular to see – is this part of the way the Lord comes?

When God comes, what will happen?

Isaiah assures us: “Then will the eyes of the blind be opened, the ears of the deaf be cleared, then will the lame leap like a stag, then the tongue of the mute will sing.” Again, these are not earthshaking events, except to those who experience this healing, those whose lives are transformed by the power of the Lord. (Is 35:1-6a, 10)

But that was all a long time ago, some might say. Surely, when the Lord actually came, the signs would have been different. But were they?

John the Baptist came, calling the people to change their ways and prepare for the coming of the Lord. As prophets so often do, he got in trouble with the ruler, in this case King Herod, and was thrown into prison. He heard of the teaching and healings being done by his cousin, Jesus, and sent his followers with an important question. “Are you the one who is to come, or should we look for another.” A very reasonable question. If Jesus denied being the one who was to come, then who would it be and where would he be found?

Jesus responded by reminding them of the ancient prophesies. “Go and tell John what you hear and see: the blind regain their sight, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the poor have the good news proclaimed to them.” He added, “And blessed is the one who takes no offense at me.”

The Lord is acting in the everyday world of those who suffer and who are abandoned by their society, just as the prophets foretold.

Jesus went on to remind the people who had come to hear him teach that John did not come as a member of the powerful ruling elite of his country. He came as a prophet – one sent to prepare the way for the Lord. “Yet the least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.” (Mt 11:2-11)

The kingdom of heaven – the new creation, the new reality that began with the coming of Jesus into the world. The new world of blessing he proclaimed to all.

The earliest followers of Jesus took his words seriously. The kingdom is at hand. All will be new. None will know the day and the time when all will change and the kingdom become obvious in the daily reality of human life in this world. So they lived in hope and expectation.

Centuries have passed now and things still seem to be going rather poorly among humans. We can appreciate the impatience of the early Christians who heard the words of James the apostle telling them, “Be patient … until the coming of the Lord.” Farmers have to wait for their harvest. The rains come when they will. And we too must be patient and filled with hope, because “the coming of the Lord is at hand.” (Jas 5:7-10)

And so, we wait. We wonder when the wonders of the Kingdom will become the way of the world. We may even lose hope at times.

Yet Isaiah’s words, and the words of Jesus and St. James are again here to remind us. The Kingdom is at hand.

Where do we see it today? We see it in programs set up to feed the hungry. We see it in community clinics that provide care for those whose income is too low to pay for what the treatment for their conditions really cost. We see it in tutors who work with children who are struggling in school and may still be learning the language of the nation among whom they are now living. We see it in networks of people who gather to welcome and support immigrants and asylum-seekers. We see it in the quite ministry of a retired nurse who helps care for her elderly neighbor across the street every evening. We see it in children who befriend newcomers to their school or neighborhood. We see it in local and national leaders who speak up and work to establish policies that protect the vulnerable and find solutions for the challenges that are too large to be successfully handled by individuals or small communities.

The kingdom is alive and well in our communities. It is growing quietly and sometimes under the radar, to protect those in danger of harm from the powerful. But it is here. It is growing. It will not be overcome by those who seek to destroy it by force.

And so, we again rejoice. We give thanks to the Lord for working with and loving so deeply the everyday ordinary people of this world. And we do our part to build up the kingdom – one day at a time, one meal at a time, one smile at a time.

Peace be with you. Rejoice, for the Kingdom is at Hand!

Readings for the Third Sunday of Advent – Cycle A

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Nov 29, 2025

Come Let Us Climb the Lord’s Mountain

Most of us don’t live on mountains. We live lower down, where the land is flatter and living is easier. But hills and mountains are special places in our experience. It takes some effort to get up or down a hill and even more to get up towards the top of a mountain. Some mountains are easier to climb than others, but all offer a special something that leads us to them.

When we get up on the mountainside, the views that stretch out in front of us are amazing. From a simple meadow, we look down into valleys, across to broad fields or other mountains rising in the distance. The worries and concerns of the day can slip away as we see the broader world and its beauty. As we open to take it all in, we find refreshment and rest before we return to the day-to-day activities of our lives.

In ancient times, mountains were the site of encounters between God and humans. Moses was called up to the top of Mt. Horeb to receive the Law from the Lord. The prophet Elijah waited high up on the same mountain to meet the Lord, who came to him in a quiet whisper of voice. The temple itself was built on a mountain. It wasn’t the tallest mountain in the area, but it was certainly a point of focus within the city of Jerusalem because this was the place of the dwelling of the Most High, rebuilt after the exile in Babylon.

Isaiah describes this mountain, Zion, as the house of Jacob’s God. People from all over the world come to this mountain, seeking to learn how to walk in the Lord’s paths. There they will turn from war to peace, learning to “walk in the light of the Lord.”

The view from the Lord’s Mountain turns towards peace and acceptance of others, regardless of which nation is their homeland, because the Lord calls and guides all peoples. “Come let us climb the Lord’s mountain” – all are welcome and called. (Is 2:1-5)

Jesus too traveled to the mountain of the Lord, the temple in Jerusalem. He was known to pray by himself on mountains and hillsides as he traveled through the land. Yet he didn’t focus on the mountaintop experiences. His mission was to all who lived ordinary lives.

He made clear in his teaching that the kingdom of God begins here and now. It’s not something far away. Nevertheless, the day and time that the Son of Man will come is unknown. “Stay awake” he tells us. “Be prepared … at an hour you do not expect, the Son of Man will come.” (Mt 24:37-44)

With the coming of Jesus, we have a change. No longer is God to be found mainly on mountaintop temples. God has become one of us, living in the everyday world with us. All will end one day, but in the meanwhile, look around. The Lord is here, present in each person we meet.

St. Paul reminded the people of Rome, “it is the hour now for you to awake from sleep.” Salvation is near and getting nearer every day. The risen Christ will come again. It might be very soon, but that is no reason to simply take it easy and sleep away the time until then. Be awake and actively living. Move away from rivalry, jealousy, and other negative actions. Turn always to the light and live as the Lord would. (Rom 13:11-14)

Climb the Lord’s mountain and find him also on the way, along the path, through the day-to-day activities. Sometimes, those daily patterns can be as challenging as climbing a mountain. Then remember to take time out, step onto the mountain for a bit, and see the bigger picture. Rest in the Lord’s presence for a while, before returning to the everyday challenges and joys.

Advent is here. We wait for the Lord’s coming. We celebrate the promise of the Lord’s coming. We rest in a bit of quiet as the world races around us, knowing that it is in the quiet times and places that we will find him newly born in our hearts.

Come, let us find the Lord together in this new year.

Readings for the First Sunday of Advent – Cycle A

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Nov 23, 2025

Shepherd of a People – A True King’s Role

What kinds of qualities do we expect in a King? Historically, kings have been warriors. They have protected the lands they own by use of their armies and in the process the people who live on those lands were also protected. Kings have gone to war and conquered new lands. They have made and enforced the rules, including how much is to be paid in taxes by the people of the land. They make treaties with other rulers. Their children, especially their sons, are expected to follow them as rulers or warriors. Marriages between the children of the kings of different lands serve as the bonds that establish and maintain peace among them. Any who challenge the power of the king will soon find themselves punished, imprisoned, or executed. The king’s power is absolute.

Most modern monarchs are more limited in their ability to command obedience. Many monarchies are parliamentary, giving elected officials a role in making decisions for the country/kingdom. However, these reductions of the power of the ruler were not easily won and are strictly guarded by the people of such nations.

In the early years of Israel’s monarchy, the transition from one king to the next was not predetermined. The King’s son did not automatically inherit the throne. In fact, the Lord had chosen the new king for Israel before the ruler, King Saul, was anywhere near the end of his rule. Saul had not followed the Lord’s instructions and had fallen out of favor as a result. The prophet Samuel, following the Lord’s directions, selected David, the youngest son of a shepherd family in Bethlehem, to be the next king. Samuel anointed David, but the rest of the people had no idea this had occurred.

When Saul died, it took a while for the different factions among the twelve tribes to figure out who should be king of all. Eventually, they decided on David, the shepherd who had killed Goliath and played important roles in many conflicts with enemies of Israel.

Three reasons were given for this choice. First, they were related – all were descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Secondly, David had played important military and leadership roles under King Saul. Thirdly, and most importantly, the Lord had called him: “You shall shepherd my people Israel and shall be commander of Israel.”

David agreed to accept the role and was anointed formally and publicly to serve as King of Israel.

It’s important to note here, that his role was not envisioned initially as being a warrior. He was to continue to be a shepherd. From among the descendants of this shepherd, the Messiah would be born. (2 Sam 5:1-3)

Being human, David was not perfect. He made plenty of mistakes in his years as ruler and suffered the tragic results of many of them. But the original vision of the Lord was not changed. David was to be a shepherd. This was the role the Lord gave as the model for the vocation of king.

On this last Sunday of the liturgical year, we recognize and celebrate Our Lord Jesus Christ, King of the Universe. It’s a big title and a big deal. King of the Universe! That’s a lot more than king of any nation on earth, even a great empire such as Rome! How could a simple carpenter turn out to be King of the Universe?

God’s ways are not always our ways. Just as the Lord chose a shepherd boy to become king of Israel, He became one of us, entered into our human lives and history, as Jesus, the son of a carpenter in a small conquered nation, part of a huge empire. Over the course of three years, Jesus moved from sharing the insights he received at his baptism in the Jordan about the coming of the Kingdom of God with simple fishermen and shepherds to healing the sick, feeding the hungry, preaching and teaching the crowds who hungered for God’s intervention in their lives and the coming of the kingdom.

Many of those who followed expected Jesus to lead a revolution against the Romans. Many were not prepared to hear him speak of forgiveness and mercy. But enough did listen and follow him that the authorities became worried. What would Rome do to them all if this man led a revolution? It would not be a quiet, peaceful, solution.

As Jesus hung dying on the cross, a convicted criminal, four different images emerged of his possible role as king. First was the taunting of the rulers of the people who challenged him to prove himself God’s chosen one by coming off the cross by his own power. Second came the soldiers, taunting him. “If you are King of the Jews, save yourself.” Again, it was a question of earthly power. The third image came from one of the men crucified with him. “Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us.” Again, show and claim earthly power as proof of kingship.

The fourth image was accurate. The other man who had been crucified, Dismas, spoke up, chiding the first who had demanded Jesus save them all. He proclaimed, “this man has done nothing criminal.” Then he spoke words recognizing the position and power, the true kingship of Jesus. “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” To this man, Jesus gave a response. “Amen, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.” (Lk 23:35-43)

A king is not saved by his army. A king is not saved by his horse. A king doesn’t work miracles or pull strings to save himself. A true king, an eternal king, is the one who leads with love and forgiveness, bringing others along with him. Like a shepherd caring for his sheep.

In the process, the power of darkness was overcome. Humanity received the inheritance for which we were all created – to join the holy ones in light, forgiven for our wrong choices and failures to love. The Son of the Most High has given himself to lead us into forgiveness and new life.

The beautiful hymn included in the letter to the Colossians reminds us. “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation… before all things, and in him all things hold together… head of the body, the church… the beginning… firstborn of the dead… in him all the fullness was pleased to dwell and through him to reconcile all things for him…” (Col 1:12-20)

It’s a great celebration of the wonders of the gift of Jesus to all of us. A shepherd king for us all. A carpenter who listened to the Spirit’s voice, then shared that good news with us, his sisters and brothers.

As we celebrate today, may we remember who our King is. The shepherd who leads a people dedicated to care for each other, for our earth, for the universe. We feed the hungry, clothe those who need the basics, including winter coats, shoes, warm clothes. We help make sure children can go to school, people who need healthcare can get it, and those who are not able to find work they can do still have the basic necessities. Each of us has unique gifts. May we use these gifts as we follow our King, loving and protecting those in need.

Long Live Christ the King. ¡Viva Cristo Rey!

Readings for the Solemnity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, King of the Universe – Cycle C

A beautiful hymn remembering the words of the crucified thief. Jesus, Remember me.

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Nov 16, 2025

When Scripture Gets Used as a Cudgel

The end of our Liturgical year grows close and we hear prophecies and warnings about how we are to live and how to prepare for the return of the Lord on the last day. Sometimes we read them and are reassured that our trials and sufferings will pass and the Lord will make everything right in the end. Sometimes, however, we read these scripture passages and apply them to social and political challenges we are facing in these particular times. When this happens, it’s all too easy for Scripture to get used as a cudgel, to judge and punish people whose lives may be more challenging than our own and whose resources are more limited.

The second letter of St. Paul to the Thessalonians provides an example of this. People in the community were anxious for the second coming of Jesus. No one knew when that would be, but the expectation was that it would be soon – before the death of some who were currently living. Living as Christians in the city was not easy. There was a good deal of opposition and misunderstanding among the larger non-Christian community regarding what Christians believed and how they lived.

Making everything more challenging, visitors from other areas had come to the city as well, bringing predictions of the quickly approaching end of the world. If everything was going to end soon, then the most important thing was not to keep on earning a living and making sure everyone in the community had what they needed to live. The important thing in their view was to preach and try to bring more people to Christianity. Those whose ways might not be exactly what the new preachers envisioned were criticized by these newcomers. Some of the new visitors/preachers expected the community to provide food and drink to support them. They didn’t see any reason to get jobs themselves – they were focused on the coming of the end in a very short time!

St. Paul spoke out against this. “You know how one must imitate us. For we did not act in a disorderly way among you, nor did we eat food received free from anyone.” In fact, Paul worked as a tent maker wherever he went. It was his trade and he worked at it quietly to support himself while he spread the Good News and welcomed new Christians into a community of faith. Each person was expected to contribute to the community in some way. Not all would be able to work and bring in money. But all could contribute something and all shared what they had.

His words are all too often quoted out of context: “we instructed you that if anyone was unwilling to work, neither should that one eat.” These words are sometimes used today as justification for cutting food aid to families and children whose income is low, even when all adults are working. They are used to exclude people who are unable to work or unable to find work from receiving health care through the Medicaid program. They are used to justify exclusion from other social services as well. And most distressing of all, these acts are being presented as a justified action based on Christian teaching!

This is not what St. Paul was saying. It is not Christian teaching. St. Paul called on the community, especially those who had been refusing to share in the financial support of the community, to work quietly along with the others and earn the food they were eating. All are called to share the Good News and all contribute in their own way. (2 Th 3:7-12)

The really critical thing in all of this is the ancient scriptural imperative to care for those who need extra help in the community. The Lord sides with the poor, the outcast, immigrants, children, the sick, the elderly. If these folks can’t always support themselves, that’s OK. The community is responsible to help them. They do what they can. For some, such as children or the elderly, that something may be to study or to help care for the children while other adults are working. There are many ways to contribute to the common life of the community.

Jesus spoke of the end times as well. Visiting the great Temple in Jerusalem, filled with riches and offerings, he gave this prophecy: “All that you see here – the days will come when there will not be left a stone upon another stone that will not be thrown down.” This prophecy came to pass in 70 CE when the Romans destroyed the temple and forced the exile of most of the people of the land.

Both before and after the destruction of the temple, believers would be persecuted. Families would turn over their own members to the authorities. Some would be killed. Others would be tossed out of their religious communities.

It was not going to be a pretty thing for those who followed Jesus. Life would be tough. “But not a hair on your head will be destroyed. By your perseverance you will secure your lives.” (Lk 21:5-19)

Life is more than just the physical experience of our day-to-day activities. It’s ever so much more. It’s life in the Kingdom of God, which starts here and now.

As the prophet Malachi noted in the final book of the Hebrew Scriptures, “The day is coming, blazing like an oven, when all the proud and all evildoers will be stubble, and the day that is coming will set them on fire…” A frightening thing indeed! Yet there is hope for those who follow and love the Lord. “There will arise the sun of justice with its healing rays.” (Mal 3:19-20a)

Moving through our lives in these difficult and uncertain times, we are called once again to work quietly for the Kingdom of God, caring for the vulnerable and gently speaking words of hope. No using Scripture as a cudgel. No excluding people whose income is low, or whose health is poor, or whose minds are not stable, or whose parents have not found high-paying work, or who had to leave their homes in search of safety and opportunity for themselves and their children!

The end of time is coming. The end of the world, not likely right away. Most of us will leave here quietly long before the world meets its end.

This week, may we remember to speak gently, to work humbly, to respect and love the Lord, that the sun of justice will rise on us each day and at the end of our days.

Readings for the Thirty-third Sunday in Ordinary Time – Cycle C

Temples – Literal and Symbolic – Signs of God’s Presence

The temple, as a place of worship, has ancient roots. Temples are found in many ancient civilizations, serving as the place where the divine and human meet and interact. The divine being is believed to live in the temple and the people bring their hopes, dreams, and sacrifices to offer there, hoping always for the favor of the god. Yet, more than just physical buildings, temples – literal and symbolic – serve as signs of the presence of the divine among the people.

During the time of the Babylonian captivity, when the temple in Jerusalem had been destroyed and most of the people taken into exile, the prophet Ezekiel spoke of a vision he had received. An angel led him to the new temple. There he saw water flowing from under the threshold of the door which faced to the east. It flowed down the side of the mountain towards the south, into the dry lands along the Jordan River, including the Dead Sea and the lands continuing from there to the Red Sea. This area was known as the Arabah or Aravah, a word meaning dry lands.

The water flowing from the temple was fresh, pure water in which fish could thrive, orchards could grow, and all kinds of creatures could live. As the water from the temple entered the salty water of the dry lands, it also made those waters fresh again. (Ez 47:1-2, 8-9, 12)

The prophecy was fulfilled when the people of Israel returned to their home in Judea. The temple was rebuilt and remained on the holy mountain in Jerusalem until it was destroyed by the Romans in 70 C.E. Jesus, his family, and his followers all worshiped at the temple in Jerusalem and offered sacrifices there.

On one occasion early in Jesus’ public life, he visited the temple in Jerusalem for Passover. Many animals were offered for sale there by merchants who purchased them to re-sell them to the faithful for sacrificial offerings. This wasn’t a time in which transactions all happened with pieces of paper or digital code. Coins and physical objects were exchanged. Animals were purchased and given to the priests for sacrifice to the Most High. Special coins had to be used for these transactions, so money-changers also had booths in the market areas of the outer parts of the temple. It was a noisy, smelly market-like area – not at all like what we associate with a place of worship.

Jesus was outraged by the way the temple had been transformed from a place of worship into what looked very much like any other marketplace, with sellers taking advantage of buyers whenever possible. He made of whip with cords and used it to chase them all out of the temple. “Take these out of here, and stop making my Father’s house a marketplace.”

Needless to say, those in charge confronted him. “What sign can you show us for doing this?” He replied, “Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up.” The authorities expressed a very valid skepticism at that: “This temple has been under construction for forty-six years, and you will raise it up in three days?”

The words used to express the idea of temple in Greek took different forms. One referred to the entire building. The other referred to the inner sanctuary, the place where the Most High was present. The word Jesus used to describe the temple of his life and body in St. John’s account of this event was the word for the inner sanctuary. The dwelling of the Most High within him could not be destroyed – it would be raised up again.

When Jesus rose from the dead on the third day, his followers remembered his words and believed the words of the Hebrew Scriptures, the prophecies that foretold his coming. (Jn 2:13-22)

Jesus’ human life became the new temple and from it, life-giving blessings would flow like the river from the temple foreseen by Ezekiel. His followers shared this good news with all they met.

St. Paul reminded the people of Corinth, “You are God’s building.” Paul laid the foundation of the Good News of Jesus, others continued the process, building on that foundation. A new community, a new temple in which the Spirit of God would dwell, arose on that foundation. He explained and promised, “you are the temple of God, … the Spirit of God dwells in you … the temple of God, which you are, is holy.” (1 Cor 3:9c-11, 16-17)

We are the descendants of those early followers of Jesus, called to be temples of God, the One who lives within us. The water that flows out from us to water the land takes the form of care for the poor, the vulnerable, immigrants, children, those who are sick or dying. The Beatitudes express beautifully the waters of loving care we are to send flowing into our own worlds.

Nevertheless, we are not simply symbolic or theoretical beings. We are humans, living in a very real world of very tangible buildings, roads, rivers, mountains, and so forth. We gather together in special places to share our faith and pray together. We’re all in this together, as children of God and the sisters and brothers of Jesus. We share the same Holy Spirit and we together eat the Bread of Life and drink the Cup of Salvation when we gather for Eucharist.

As early as the time of Emperor Constantine, when Christianity became legal in the Roman Empire, one church in Rome has been especially dedicated. Since 324, the Lateran Basilica has been the Cathedral of Rome. A basilica was a large, rectangular building, in which many different functions took place. It was a public area in the city near the forum and temple. The name Lateran comes from the name of the family on whose land it was built. The formal name of the church is Archbasilica of the Most Holy Savior and Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist at the Lateran.

The Lateran Basilica is the Pope’s cathedral in Rome. It is outside the walls of Vatican City. The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, as well as head of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Basilica was dedicated on November 9, 324. It has been repaired and rebuilt multiple times since then and is still in use. A temple – literal and symbolic – a sign of God’s presence among us.

As we celebrate the dedication of the Lateran Basilica today, we also celebrate that love, the waters of divine blessing, that flows from the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit through each of us out into our world today.

Readings for the Feast of the Dedication of the Lateran Basilica

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Nov 2, 2025

The Souls of the Just are in the Hand of God

Commonly known as All Souls Day, or Día de los Muertos in our area, this day which follows immediately after the Feast of All Saints is one of special comfort and commemoration. The very first reading for the day begins “The souls of the just are in the hand of God.” It continues, “and no torment shall touch them.”

As best we can tell, only humans have a conscious awareness of the reality of death and its certainty for each person. We don’t know to what extent members of other species who gather to mark the death of members of their flock or herd or pod have an awareness of this reality. But elephants, dolphins, and other primates gather to mourn/mark the death of members of their communities. As humans, we have many ideas, fears, myths, and legends about death and what happens to those whose bodies cease to live.

One thing we do know. Not all people die peacefully in their beds, surrounded by loved ones and in no distress. Death does not always come easily. Death is sometimes perceived as having come too soon. Death has seemingly always been a tool used by powerful or angry people to punish or control others. And then what happens to those who have died? That’s not easy to verify either.

The Book of Wisdom shares some insights from Greek-speaking Jews in Egypt, collected about 100 years BCE. The author spoke words of encouragement for those who were suffering death unjustly – “they shall be greatly blessed, because God … found them worthy – as gold in the furnace.”

The great insight here is that death is not a sign of God’s anger or abandonment of those who live good lives, or those whose actions anger the rich or powerful. God is there to lift them up and place them in position to “judge nations and rule over peoples.” (Wis 3:1-9)

Jesus himself spoke a great promise, “I will not reject anyone who comes to me.” And why not? Why not turn away from those who reject his teachings? Why not get hurt or angry with people and reject them as others might? Jesus explains that it’s not about him. He has come to do the will of the one who sent him, his heavenly father. “This is the will of the one who sent me, that I should not lose anything of what he gave me, but that I should raise it on the last day.” The father wants everyone to have eternal life. So does our brother Jesus. (Jn 6:37-40)

What else do we notice and celebrate on this great feast day? We are children of God, through the power of the Holy Spirit. We call God Father, Abba! Abba is more like Dad or Daddy as a term of affection. We have an Abba who is not looking for slaves. He wants us to use our minds, our hearts, our entire beings to reach out and witness to his love. As we do, when we meet opposition, he will remember us and be with us. He will not abandon us when the end comes to each one. We are to be free as the children of God now and when our final day comes. And even more, all of creation is sharing in this same time of growth and hope. (Rom 8:14-23)

As we move forward, may we remember all those whom we have known and loved, celebrate their lives, and trust that we will meet again in the kingdom of our Father.

Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (All Souls) – Cycle C
Multiple readings are options for this day.

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Nov 1, 2025

A Great Multitude Which No One Could Count

The Feast of All Saints is upon us – a celebration of a love so vast it cannot be contained and overflows into all of creation, including humans of every nation, race, people and tongue. We celebrate the lives of all those who have opened their hearts to receive this overflowing love. In the Book of Revelation, St. John describes his vision of the gathering of all the Lord’s people. Those gathered form “a great multitude, which no on could count.” One hundred forty-four thousand of them – an expression of abundance based on the foundation of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Are we to take this vision literally, or is there something else going on here? If literal interpretation is selected, it’s not really a very hopeful passage! With a few billion humans alive today and countless others who have come before, one hundred forty-four thousand represents less than a drop in a bucket! So, no, this is not a message to be taken literally.

We live in a world filled with contradictions and uncertainty. Most people are doing their best to make the choice to be ethical, to do the right thing, to leave the world a better place than they found it. Most live and work in communities of family and friends, not expecting ever to make any significant contribution to human history. In fact, most have no interest whatsoever in becoming a famous ‘mover and shaker” in the world. Way too much work and not enough real fun along the way! Fame, maybe. But real, deep enjoyment of life in all its complexity? Not as easy to come by.

Those gathering around the throne of the Lamb are typically not the famous or those recognized as wise or powerful. They are described as a great multitude and are people who have plunged into the life of the Lord – “washed themselves in the blood of the Lamb.”

The Lamb of God – the one whose life is given as gift and sacrifice to bring all into that overflowing love from which all spring. And the blood? The life-giving, life-sustaining blood or life-force.

All who enter into this flowing love and allow it to flow through them as well become part of the great multitude gathered in the throne room.

The imagery is not one we often understand deeply in our worlds today. There are still monarchies and absolute rulers whose whims are law, but for those in Western or Western-influenced societies, with a voice in selection of who governs, this imagery is a bit strange. Lambs? Blood? Even the peoples whose faith experience began this way no longer relate to the image.

And yet, here it is again! A multitude gathering from all nations, races, tongues, and peoples to celebrate with the Lord of all. (Rev 7:2-4, 9-14)

How do we gather? St. John tells us we gather as the children of God – sons and daughters, brothers and sisters of Christ. Life here and now is not easy. We are still unrecognized by the world around us, but the day will come when this is revealed. The quiet lives of ordinary people who are channels of love to those around them, sharing what they themselves received from those of many generations before the, are all signs of the Lord’s kingdom. They are the multitude who come joyfully into the throne room of the Lamb. (1 Jn 3:1-3)

Is there a way to recognize them here and now? Well, yes, as a matter of fact, there is. St. Matthew passes on Jesus’ non-secret recipe:

“Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven”

“Blessed are they who mourn, for they shall be comforted,”

“Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God”

Jesus gives us all a list of the kinds of people who will make up this great multitude. Peacemakers, meek folks, those clean of heart, those who hunger and thirst for righteousness (justice). These kinds of activities are not going to be welcomed in their societies. Yet these are the acts of love, the channels of that overflowing love from which all springs. The kingdom of heaven is theirs! (Matt 5:1-12a)

May our lives too be channels of love and lead to the Lord’s kingdom!

Readings for the Solemnity of All Saints – Cycle C

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Oct 26, 2025

I Thank You That I Am Not Like The Rest Of Humanity

“I thank you that I am not like the rest of humanity…” These words in the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector are striking. What came next? “I am a great sinner?” “I am a person who is always looking for answers?” “I am able to foretell the future with absolute accuracy?” “I always try to help everyone I meet?”

I think at one time or another, many of us have probably said something similar. “I grew up in a good family.” “I go to church every Sunday.” “I never miss a Holy Day of Obligation.” “I try to help others when I can.” “I contribute to good causes.” “I’m a good worker.” “I support my family.”

Many of us, including myself, have said things like, “I know how to make my own clothes,” or “We learned how to make soap when we were kids,” or “Buying in bulk really makes money go farther.” We set ourselves up as somehow superior in comparison to others we meet along the journey of life, even those in our own neighborhoods or country. Unless and until we experience the reality of having less income than needed to cover basic expenses, we don’t comprehend that middle class solutions don’t necessarily work when income doesn’t cover the basics. Having 12 cans of tomatoes bought in bulk doesn’t particularly help when there’s nothing else to cook along with a can of tomatoes. Knowing how to make noodles doesn’t help when there’s no way to get an egg and flour to start with. The help received in those situations, often from others who also lack the luxury of having any surplus, is truly treasured.

The Pharisee went on to explain his thinking, noting that he is not “greedy, dishonest, adulterous” or even like the tax collector he sees nearby. The Pharisee notes that he fasts twice a week and pays tithes on his entire income, not just on parts of it. He’s pretty proud of himself.

St. Luke tells us that the Pharisee “spoke this prayer to himself.” It’s an interesting phrase. Was he simply speaking quietly rather than speaking aloud or so others around would hear, or was he literally speaking to himself rather than to God?

Jesus went on to tell of the tax collector, one of the most despised members of the community. Tax collectors had to collect a certain minimum amount of tax to submit to the government in Rome. Beyond that basic minimum, they were allowed to keep whatever extra they could get out of people, their own neighbors in the community. People thought of them as the scum of the earth. Traitors to all in the region.

The tax collector stood apart from others. He knew he was not welcome. He didn’t presume to claim innocence or even assume he would be pardoned, He looked down humbly at the ground in front of him, “beat his breast and prayed, “O God, be merciful to me a sinner.”

A simple prayer and totally heartfelt. Jesus praised this prayer. “I tell you, the latter went home justified.” The Pharisee did not. Why not? “Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and the one who humbles himself will be exalted.” (Lk 18):9-14

Humility is not a loud declaration of unworthiness proclaimed with the hope others will reassure the speaker that they are indeed worthy of praise and respect. Humility is the quiet recognition that in some actions, the individual has truly done wrong and is sorry for having done so. To be humbled is to have that reality made clear through the words and actions of others. Those who have admitted their misdeeds and asked forgiveness, can be exalted through the forgiveness they receive.

A wise man named Sirach lived around 200 years before the coming of Jesus. He wrote down and shared his reflections on community, faith, families, friendships, education, wealth and poverty, worship, and many other topics of importance to both ancient and modern communities. Sirach wrote in Hebrew and his words were translated into Greek by his grandson sometime after 132 BCE.

Sirach stated clearly and firmly, “The Lord is a God of justice, who knows no favorites.” This is important. All people matter to the Lord – rich and poor alike. Yet Sirach notes, “Though not unduly partial toward the weak, yet he hears the cry of the oppressed.” Those who have no social status or protection are heard by the Lord. Widows, orphans, those whose needs and rights are discounted by folks on the margins – the calls for help from all of them are heard. Their cries pierce the clouds of heaven, like an arrow that flies straight to its goal. They do not rest until the Most High hears and responds, affirming what is right and just for the poor and lowly. (Sir 35:12-14, 16-18)

The tax collector would find this both disconcerting and strangely comforting, I suspect. Given the reality that he regularly was expected to cheat his neighbors in order to support himself and probably lived a more lavish lifestyle himself, it would be disconcerting. He knew the Lord would hear the cries of those who were cheated. Yet, he hoped in the mercy of the Lord for himself as well. Would it be possible to serve as a tax collector and still be an honest person? Or what would next steps be for him? Both questions remain unanswered in the Gospel, but we might want to consider them for ourselves.

The reality of the Lord’s attention to the cries of the poor, however, is not in doubt in both Hebrew and Christian Scriptures. The Psalmist sings of it regularly. Psalm 34 is an example of this. “I will bless the Lord at all times; his praise ever in my mouth.” “When the just cry out, the Lord hears them, and from all their distress he rescues them.” “The Lord redeems the lives of his servants; no one incurs guilt who takes refuge in him.” The cries of the poor and the oppressed always reach the Lord. (Ps 34:2-3, 17-18, 19, 23)

Does this mean everything turns out fine if we just have faith – money and respect will come, healing of illness, jobs and happy family life? Wouldn’t that be lovely? But would we really appreciate these gifts? We might well get to thinking that it all happened because we worked hard and did it all ourselves, followed by, “If we/I can do it, so can they …” Easy then to say, “I thank you that I am not like the rest…”

The life of St. Paul shows us differently. A tent maker, citizen of Rome, born in Tarsus, became a scholar of the Law, a Pharisee. He approved of the condemnation of some of the earliest followers of Jesus, including the first martyr, Stephen. By God’s grace, he met the risen Jesus as he was traveling to Damascus to arrest more of those heretics, the Christians. Called by Jesus personally, he became the Apostle to the Gentiles, traveling many miles by foot for many years, sharing the Good News of the coming of the Christ and of salvation for all peoples – Jews and Gentiles alike.

Eventually, he was arrested and exercised his right as a Roman citizen to be tried in Rome. In his second letter to Timothy, a young man he met in his travels who shared in his ministry, he speaks of the approach of the end of his life. His trial did not go well. He knows he will be condemned. But he speaks words of hope and conviction. “I have competed well; I have finished the race; I have kept the faith.” No one spoke on his behalf during his trial. Some friends deserted him. “But the Lord stood by me and gave me strength, so that through me the proclamation might be completed and all the Gentiles might hear it.”

Paul rejoiced that he had been given the opportunity to speak and witness to the risen Lord. He proclaimed confidently, “The Lord will rescue me from every evil threat and will bring me safe to his heavenly kingdom.” He concludes in words we share, “To him be glory forever and ever.” (2 Tim 4:6-8, 16-18)

“I thank you that I am not like the rest of humanity…” or “Have mercy on me a sinner.”

Which will be our approach this week and through the days and weeks to follow? How will we live as children of a just God, who hears the cry of the poor? How will we “see” the needs of those around us? How will we respond?

May we remember that all we have is a gift. We haven’t gotten where we are by ourselves. Our families, our friends, other people we have never met and will never meet. All have given of themselves to make the society in which we live, with the advantages we enjoy.

Now it’s our turn to pass it on. Our turn to reach out with a smile, a helping hand, a kind word, a listening ear, a decision to forgive, a choice not to judge.

May we bless the Lord at all times, remembering that we are not above all others in holiness, nor are we loved more than others by the Lord. We are all loved and together we share this love with all we meet, sharing together on the Lord’s team to care for the poor and the oppressed whose cries are heard by the Lord.

Readings for the Thirtieth Sunday in Ordinary Time – Cycle C

Posted by Kathleen Brewer de Pozos, PhD on Oct 18, 2025

Keep Trying – Advice for life and prayer

“If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” We hear this saying so often as we grow up that we often stop paying attention to it. A roll of the eyes, a shake of the head, a shrug of shoulders – so many ways to tell the one who has spoken these words to us that we don’t really want to try any more. But “keep trying” is generally not bad advice. So many things we need to do or want to do require persistence. Babies have to keep trying to learn to sit up, to crawl, to stand, to walk. We have to practice to learn to speak. Just about everything about being a human being requires some sort of practice. Only a smile or a happy laugh seem to come naturally. They are among the most welcome things any of us ever give or receive.

Trying in an Ancient Conflict

In the years between the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt and their entry into Palestine, there were forty years of traveling around the Sinai Peninsula and lands east of the Jordan River. There were already people living there and sometimes conflicts arose.

At one point, Amalek led an army against the Israelites. Moses recognized that Joshua was a natural leader in defense of the people against other warring groups, so he had Joshua choose the men who would join in battle against Amalek. Moses went to a hilltop nearby to pray for God’s help and support in the battle. He raised his arms over his head in prayer.

While Moses’ arms were raised, the battle went well for Israel. But he couldn’t keep his arms up in the air unsupported for very long. Whenever he lowered them to rest, the battle shifted and Amalek’s forces gained ground.

Fortunately, two other men were there with Moses. They found a rock on which he could sit and then each stood beside him, helping him hold his arms up in prayer. They did this for hours, all day long, until at last the battle was won by Joshua and the Israelites. (Ex 17:8-13)

Moses had to keep trying, and his friends helped make that possible. It was a community activity.

A Widow Keeps Trying

Sometimes we wonder if our prayers are heard. In hard times, we may wonder if God cares or if we should keep trying. Jesus gave us a story to help us understand.

Widows in Jesus’ day were among the most vulnerable people. They had no real rights. Women’s identities were based on the men in their family. First their father, then their husband, and eventually, their sons. Once a woman was married, her father was no longer responsible for her. If her husband died and she had no adult sons, she was on her own. But there were no real jobs or careers for women, so poverty and insecurity were their lot.

So, here was Jesus’ story. A widow had a claim for justice and went to the local court to claim her rights. The judge at the court was not an honest man. He ruled against her and in favor of her opponent. She brought the case again, and again he ruled against her. This happened repeatedly. Finally, the judge had had enough. He decided the only way he was going to get this settled was to rule in her favor, lest she eventually find a way to hurt him.

Jesus pointed out that because she kept trying, she eventually prevailed in the case, even against an unjust judge. How much more likely, therefore, was it that God would hear the prayers of his people. God, the just one, would come to help those who call on him. (Lk 18:1-8)

Does this mean that whatever we ask for will be granted? Well … if it’s something that is good for us or for the community, then yes. If not, then something else may be God’s gift of a response to the prayer.

The important thing is to keep praying, to continue to trust that the Father cares and is looking out for us. Keep trying. Keep hoping. Keep loving.

A Worthy Goal

Jesus’ teachings about the importance of prayer and persistence were rooted in Hebrew tradition and Scripture. We Christians sometimes think of Scripture primarily in terms of the writings of the followers of Jesus. But for Jesus and his followers, Scripture was the tradition of the Hebrew people – the stories of how everything came to be as it is now, as well as the history of their nation. The Law, the teachings of the prophets, the wisdom learned through the ages – all were/are part of Scripture.

St. Paul reminded Timothy of the wisdom learned from the Scriptures. This wisdom is the basis for teaching, guiding, even reproving (scolding) those whose actions are not in line with the Father’s hopes and dreams for us.

Paul notes, “Remain faithful to what you have learned and believed, because you know from whom you learned it.” Point 1 – The validity of sources of teaching and information from humans matters!

He adds, “… from infancy you have known the sacred Scriptures, which are capable of giving you wisdom for salvation…” Point 2 – Scripture becomes a source of wisdom for us from infancy.

Scripture, inspired by God over the centuries, provides the background truths that we now bring to our own ministry of teaching and witnessing to the Good News through our good works and care of others. (2 Tim 3:14-4:2)

What then are we to do with what we have heard and learned from our teachers (such as Paul) and Scripture? We are to “be persistent whether it is convenient or inconvenient” in sharing it with those we meet and with whom we interact.

Keep Trying – Convenient or Inconvenient

Today we too are called to be persistent in our prayer, in our actions, in sharing and living out what we have come to believe. God who is love calls each of us to love and care for all the rest of the people with whom we live. This isn’t just caring for our immediate family, our extended family, or those who share our ethnic, cultural, or national identity.

When our leaders fail to care for or target the vulnerable, we are called to speak out.

When access to housing, education, nutrition, healthcare, safety is restricted to only certain groups of people in our communities, we are called to speak out.

When those with lower incomes are treated with less care or consideration in public places or in businesses or schools, we are called to speak out.

When those whose names sound strange or foreign to us and so we treat them with scorn or dismiss them as illegals, therefore criminals and not worthy of common courtesy or legal human rights, we are called to speak out.

The Psalmist cries out to us in the voice of the poor and the oppressed, “I lift up my eyes toward the mountains; whence shall help come to me? My help is from the Lord, who made heaven and earth.” (Ps 121:1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8)

This week, may we be ones who speak and act on behalf of the poor and the oppressed. May we be among those who count on the help of the Lord and share the gifts we have been given for the good of all.

Keep trying – in life, in faith, and with confidence that the Lord hears the cry of the poor and comes to their aid.

Readings for the Twenty-Ninth Sunday in Ordinary Time

And more thoughts from several years ago.

Let Your Light Shine – Light the Way

The Spirit of God Descending on Him Like a Dove

Governing With Justice – Rescuing the Poor and Afflicted

I Do It Myself – A Step in Growing Up But Not the Goal

Still A Time to Rejoice

Come Let Us Climb the Lord’s Mountain

Shepherd of a People – A True King’s Role

When Scripture Gets Used as a Cudgel

Temples – Literal and Symbolic – Signs of God’s Presence

The Souls of the Just are in the Hand of God

A Great Multitude Which No One Could Count

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